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Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 2007, Vol. 34, No. 11 : pp. 1486-1494

Y. Liu, K. Hu
https://doi.org/10.1139/L06-167

This article is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue on Masonry.

Abstract

Twelve reinforced masonry wall specimens with nominal dimensions of 2400 mm × 800 mm × 150 mm were tested under eccentric compressive loading with varying eccentricity to thickness ratios, e/t, and end eccentricity ratios, e1/e2. Pinned-pinned support conditions resulted in a slenderness ratio of 17.1 for all specimens. Test results showed that the variation of ultimate load, Pu, and effective modulus of rigidity values, EIeff, at failure depended on the type of failure mode, which was influenced by e/t and e1/e2 ratios and their interaction. Comparing ultimate loads obtained by test against those calculated using the EIeff values from the Canadian standard CSA S304.1-04 and against the ones calculated using the EIeff values proposed herein indicates that, while the moment magnifier method used in the current Canadian design standard to account for secondary effects is effective, the standard underestimates EIeff values, especially in regions where compression-controlled failure tends to predominate and, thus, leads to a conservative design. However, the use of proposed EIeff values in combination with the moment magnifier method provides estimations of ultimate loads in reasonably good agreement with test results.

Keywords: secondary moment, effective flexural rigidity, end eccentricity ratio, single curvature, reverse curvature, load eccentricity, experimental, standard

List of symbols

Cm

equivalent uniform moment coefficient

e

load eccentricity

ek

kern eccentricity

e1

smallest eccentricity applied at top or bottom of member

e2

largest eccentricity applied at top or bottom of member

E

Young’s modulus

Em

modulus of elasticity of masonry

EIeff

effective flexural rigidity of a wall prior to failure

fm

compressive strength of masonry at 28 d (MPa)

h

height of a wall

I0

initial moment of inertia of the effective cross section

Icr

moment of inertia of cracked section

Mu

experimental ultimate bending moment at a cross section

Pu

experimental ultimate load

Pcr

critical buckling load

t

effective thickness of a wall

Δu

deflection at ultimate load, Pu

ε1

strain on the compression surface of a wall

ε2

strain on the tension surface of a wall

curvature of a wall section

safety factor

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