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Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,
2007, Vol. 34, No. 11
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pp. 1486-1494
Y. Liu, K. Hu
https://doi.org/10.1139/L06-167
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This article is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue on Masonry. AbstractTwelve reinforced masonry wall specimens with nominal dimensions of 2400 mm × 800 mm × 150 mm were tested under eccentric compressive loading with varying eccentricity to thickness ratios, e/t, and end eccentricity ratios, e1/e2. Pinned-pinned support conditions resulted in a slenderness ratio of 17.1 for all specimens. Test results showed that the variation of ultimate load, Pu, and effective modulus of rigidity values, EIeff, at failure depended on the type of failure mode, which was influenced by e/t and e1/e2 ratios and their interaction. Comparing ultimate loads obtained by test against those calculated using the EIeff values from the Canadian standard CSA S304.1-04 and against the ones calculated using the EIeff values proposed herein indicates that, while the moment magnifier method used in the current Canadian design standard to account for secondary effects is effective, the standard underestimates EIeff values, especially in regions where compression-controlled failure tends to predominate and, thus, leads to a conservative design. However, the use of proposed EIeff values in combination with the moment magnifier method provides estimations of ultimate loads in reasonably good agreement with test results. Keywords: secondary moment, effective flexural rigidity, end eccentricity ratio, single curvature, reverse curvature, load eccentricity, experimental, standard List of symbols | Cm | equivalent uniform moment coefficient | | e | load eccentricity | | ek | kern eccentricity | | e1 | smallest eccentricity applied at top or bottom of member | | e2 | largest eccentricity applied at top or bottom of member | | E | Young’s modulus | | Em | modulus of elasticity of masonry | | EIeff | effective flexural rigidity of a wall prior to failure | | fm′ | compressive strength of masonry at 28 d (MPa) | | h | height of a wall | | I0 | initial moment of inertia of the effective cross section | | Icr | moment of inertia of cracked section | | Mu | experimental ultimate bending moment at a cross section | | Pu | experimental ultimate load | | Pcr | critical buckling load | | t | effective thickness of a wall | | Δu | deflection at ultimate load, Pu | | ε1 | strain on the compression surface of a wall | | ε2 | strain on the tension surface of a wall |  | curvature of a wall section |  | safety factor |
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